Veselīga uztura „šķīvja principa” maltīšu ietekme uz ķermeņa miesas būvi raksturojošiem antropometriskiem parametriem
Date
2021
Authors
Kindzule, Keitija
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Latvijas Universitāte
Abstract
“Šķīvja princips” tiek uzskatīts par vienu no labākajiem veidiem, kā izglītot sabiedrību par veselīga uztura pamatprincipiem (Harvard University, 2011), nodrošinot organismu ar visām nepieciešamajām uzturvielām, minerālvielām un vitamīniem. Veselīga uztura “šķīvja princips” tiek plaši pielietots un ieteikts daudzu valstu, arī Latvijas Republikas Veselības ministrijas veselīga uztura rekomendācijās. Tomēr ir vērojams zinātnisko datu un pamatojuma trūkums “šķīvja principa” atbilstības novērtējumam uztura vadlīnijām. Tādēļ šī pētījuma mērķis ir novērtēt antropometrisko parametru izmaiņas paaugstinātas augu izcelsmes produktu diētas sešu nedēļu ievērošanas rezultātā pētījuma dalībniekiem ar atšķirīgu ikdienas uztura veidu. Pētījumā tika iesaistītas 18 personas ar atšķirīgu ikdienas diētu: visēdāju (n= 7), ovo-lakto veģetāru (n= 4) un vegānu (n= 7). Pētījuma personas sešu nedēļu ilgā periodā ikdienas maltītēs ievēroja „šķīvja principu”, nemainot savu diētas veidu, un uzņemot uzturu bez noteiktiem kalorāžas ierobežojumiem. Pētījumā tika izvērtēta „šķīvja principa” maltīšu ievērošanas iespējamā ietekme uz ķermeņa miesas būvi raksturojošiem antropometriskiem parametriem un uztura kalorāžu. Pētījuma rezultāti uzrāda, ka veselīga uztura “šķīvja principa” ievērošana statistiski būtiski samazina vidukļa un gurnu apkārtmēru pētījuma dalībnieku kopējā grupā. Visēdāju diētas dalībniekiem bija vērojams lielāks uzņemto kaloriju daudzums, nekā ovo-lakto veģetāriešu vai vegānu grupās. Visēdāju un vegānu grupas dalībnieku uzņemto kaloriju daudzums pētījuma laikā samazinājās, kamēr ovo-lakto veģetāriešu grupas dalībniekiem – palielinājās, tomēr šīs izmaiņas nav statistiski ticamas, bet uzrāda šo izmaiņu tendenci. No pētījuma rezultātiem var secināt, ka „šķīvja principa” uztura paraduma ievērošanas ilgums, bet ne diētas veids (visēdājs, ovo-lakto veģetārs, vegānisks) ir labvēlīgās izmaiņas ķermeņa antropometriskajos parametros ietekmējošs faktors.
The "plate principle" is considered one of the best ways to educate the public about the basic principles of a healthy diet (Harvard University, 2011), providing the body with all the necessary nutrients, minerals and vitamins. Healthy eating "plate principle" is widely used and recommended in the recommendations of many countries, including the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Latvia. However, there is a lack of scientific data and justification for the “plate principle” for the assessment of compliance with the dietary guidelines. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess changes in anthropometric parameters as a result of following a six-week diet of increased plant based products in study participants with a different type of daily diet. The study involved 18 individuals with different daily diets: omnivorous (n= 7), ovo-lacto vegetarian (n=4) and vegan (n=7). During a six-week period, the subjects followed the "plate principle" in their daily meals without changing their diet and ingesting their diet without certain restrictions on calories. The study evaluated the possible impact of "plate principle" meals on anthropometric parameters and nutritional characteristics of body structure. The results of the study show that adherence of the healthy eating "plate principle" statistically significantly reduces waist and hip circumference in the overall group of study participants. Participants in the omnivorous diet experienced higher calorie intake than ovo-lacto groups of vegetarians or vegans. The amount of calories ingested by omnivorous and vegan group members decreased during the study period, while the number of members of the ovo-lacto vegetarian group increased, however, these changes are not statistically significant, but show a tendency to change. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the duration of adherent to the dietary habit of the "plate principle", but not the type of diet (omnivorous, ovo-lacto vegetarian, vegan) is a factor influencing the beneficial changes in the anthropometric parameters of the body.
The "plate principle" is considered one of the best ways to educate the public about the basic principles of a healthy diet (Harvard University, 2011), providing the body with all the necessary nutrients, minerals and vitamins. Healthy eating "plate principle" is widely used and recommended in the recommendations of many countries, including the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Latvia. However, there is a lack of scientific data and justification for the “plate principle” for the assessment of compliance with the dietary guidelines. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess changes in anthropometric parameters as a result of following a six-week diet of increased plant based products in study participants with a different type of daily diet. The study involved 18 individuals with different daily diets: omnivorous (n= 7), ovo-lacto vegetarian (n=4) and vegan (n=7). During a six-week period, the subjects followed the "plate principle" in their daily meals without changing their diet and ingesting their diet without certain restrictions on calories. The study evaluated the possible impact of "plate principle" meals on anthropometric parameters and nutritional characteristics of body structure. The results of the study show that adherence of the healthy eating "plate principle" statistically significantly reduces waist and hip circumference in the overall group of study participants. Participants in the omnivorous diet experienced higher calorie intake than ovo-lacto groups of vegetarians or vegans. The amount of calories ingested by omnivorous and vegan group members decreased during the study period, while the number of members of the ovo-lacto vegetarian group increased, however, these changes are not statistically significant, but show a tendency to change. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the duration of adherent to the dietary habit of the "plate principle", but not the type of diet (omnivorous, ovo-lacto vegetarian, vegan) is a factor influencing the beneficial changes in the anthropometric parameters of the body.
Description
Keywords
Bioloģija , "šķīvja princips" , antropometriskie parametri , uztura kalorāža , veselīgs uzturs , vegānisms