Ķermeņa kompozīcijas izvērtējums bērniem ar paaugstinātu fizisku slodzi
Date
2009
Authors
Grūbe, Nadežda
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Latvijas Universitāte
Abstract
KOPSAVILKUM
Mūsdienās sabiedrības uzturā un veselības jautājumos lielu uzmanību pievērš bērnu liekās masas un aptaukošanās problēmām. Otra – ne mazāk svarīga problēma - bērnu nepietiekoša tauku masa bieži paliek ēnā. Ir aizmirsts par tauku svarīgo nozīmi organismā, kā piemēram, enerģijas uzkrāšana, hormonu un metaboliski aktīvo vielu veidošana, reproduktīvās sistēmas darbība un daudz citu. Ķermeņa kompozīcijas analizēšana dod iespēju noteikt ne tikai ķermeņa masu, bet arī tauku un muskuļu masas sadalījumu organismā, kas ļauj prognozēt dažādu slimību attīstību.
Pētījuma mērķis bija ķermeņa kompozīcijas izvērtējums bērniem ar paaugstinātu fizisku slodzi, izmantojot Sporta medicīnas valsts aģentūras (SMVA) profilaktiskās medicīnas pārbaužu datus.
Materiāli un metodes. Šķērsgriezuma pētījums. Darbā tika analizēti dati par 2563 bērniem ar paaugstinātu fizisku slodzi, no 9 līdz 17 gadu vecuma. Bija izvērtēti antropometriskie un ķermeņa kompozīcijas dati. Ķermeņa kompozīcījas dati bija noteikti ar bioimpedances metodes palīdzību. Darbā analizēti beztauku ķermeņa masa (kg), kopējais tauku daudzums (kg, % un procentiļos), kopējais ķermeņa ūdens daudzums (kg), muskuļu masu (kg).
Secinājumi. Izmantojot ķermeņa masas indeksu, tika konstatēta visai respondentu grupai pietiekoša ķermeņa masa. Bet tai pašā laikā ar ķermeņa masas analizatoru tika konstatēts ievērojama tauku masas nepietiekamība. Normāla ķermeņa masa bija nodrošināta lielas muskuļu masas dēļ, to nevar konstatēt izmantojot standarta rādītājus tādus kā svars un ĶMI. Zema tauku masa norāda uz nepietiekošu, nesabalansētu uzturu bērniem ar paaugstinātu fizisku slodzi.
Izmantojot bioimpedances metodi konstatēju bērnu fizioloģiskās izmaiņas organismā, kā piemēram, tauku masas palielināšanu meitenēm un muskuļu masas palielināšanu zēniem. Sakarā ar lielāku taukaudu daudzumu meitenēm organismā bija mazāk ūdeni nekā zēniem.
Tādējādi bērniem sportistiem ir svarīgi noteikt ne tikai masu, bet kā kvantitatīvi sadalās ķermeņa svars tauku un beztauku komponentos, lai izvērtētu uztura atbilstību fiziskai slodzei. Ķermeņa kompozīcijas izvērtēšanai veiksmīgi var izmantot bioimpedances metodi, kura ir neinvazīva, viegli pielietojama, lēta un praktiska metode.
SUMMARY Modern society pays a great attention to problems of obesity and overweight in questions of nutrition and health. The second main problem, children’s lack of a fat mass, often stays aside. People forget about such important role of fats in organism as energy supply, production of hormones and metabolically active matters, work of reproductive system and many others. Analysis of body composition gives an opportunity indicate not only body mass, but also distribution of mass of adipose and muscular tissues, it allows to prognoses development of different diseases. The aim of the research. The purpose of the present research is assess body composition in children having a high physical load by means of using the database of preventive examinations in state Agency of Sport Medicine. Materials and methods. Data on 2563 children with high physical load aging from 9 to 17 have been analysed in a course of the research. Anthropometric data and data on body composition have been assessed. Data on body composition have been gathered by means of biological impedance method. The present paper has analysed fat free mass of body (kg), fat mass (kg,%) under total water amount (kg), muscular mass (kg). Conclusions. A normal body mass was been detected in all participants. Using average arithmetic characteristics of body mass index. Meanwhile a considerate lack of fat mass has stated by means of body mass analyzer. Normal body mass is provided by high muscular mass, which can’t be detected using such standard indicators as weight and body mass index. Law fat mass points to insufficient and unbalanced diet of children with high physical load. Physical changes in children’s organisms, such as increase of fat mass in girls and increase of muscular mass in boys have been traced using a method of biological impedance. It is important to indicate not only mass fat also the way fat and fat free components distribute in children going in for sports in order to assess comply with nutrition and physical load. The method of biological impedance can be successfully used in indicating body composition, which easy to apply, cheap and practical
SUMMARY Modern society pays a great attention to problems of obesity and overweight in questions of nutrition and health. The second main problem, children’s lack of a fat mass, often stays aside. People forget about such important role of fats in organism as energy supply, production of hormones and metabolically active matters, work of reproductive system and many others. Analysis of body composition gives an opportunity indicate not only body mass, but also distribution of mass of adipose and muscular tissues, it allows to prognoses development of different diseases. The aim of the research. The purpose of the present research is assess body composition in children having a high physical load by means of using the database of preventive examinations in state Agency of Sport Medicine. Materials and methods. Data on 2563 children with high physical load aging from 9 to 17 have been analysed in a course of the research. Anthropometric data and data on body composition have been assessed. Data on body composition have been gathered by means of biological impedance method. The present paper has analysed fat free mass of body (kg), fat mass (kg,%) under total water amount (kg), muscular mass (kg). Conclusions. A normal body mass was been detected in all participants. Using average arithmetic characteristics of body mass index. Meanwhile a considerate lack of fat mass has stated by means of body mass analyzer. Normal body mass is provided by high muscular mass, which can’t be detected using such standard indicators as weight and body mass index. Law fat mass points to insufficient and unbalanced diet of children with high physical load. Physical changes in children’s organisms, such as increase of fat mass in girls and increase of muscular mass in boys have been traced using a method of biological impedance. It is important to indicate not only mass fat also the way fat and fat free components distribute in children going in for sports in order to assess comply with nutrition and physical load. The method of biological impedance can be successfully used in indicating body composition, which easy to apply, cheap and practical
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Keywords
Medicīna