Saldus rajona lauku centru attīstība un to noteicošie apstākļi kopš 1970. gadiem
Date
2006
Authors
Circene, Ilze
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Latvijas Universitāte
Abstract
Reģionālās attīstības vecināšana Latvijā mūsdienās ir kļuvusi par ļoti aktuālu valstiska līmeņa jautājumu. Lauku centriem kā galvenajiem vietējo pašvaldību attīstības virzītājspēkiem lauku teritorijās varētu būt būtiska loma valsts reģionālās attīstības politikā. Attīstot lauku centrus, tiek spēcināta ekonomika lauku teritorijās un attiecīgi tiek gūtas iespējas veidot pievilcīgāku dzīves vidi iedzīvotājiem. Sekmīgi realizējot reģionālās attīstības politiku, varētu tikt mazinātas sociālekonomiskās atšķirības starp dažādām teritorijām Latvijā.
Pastāvot kolektīvajām saimniecībām, 1970.gados Latvijā noritēja strauja lauku centru attīstība, kas turpinājās līdz pat 80-to gadu beigām. Notiekot ekonomiskām un sociālām pārmaiņām valstī, 90-to gadu sākumā iezīmējās jauns posms lauku centru attīstībā – pastāvošo plānveida ekonomiku nomainīja tirgus ekonomika un lauku centri, konkurējot vienādos apstākļos ar lielākām apdzīvotām vietām, sāka zaudēt savu pievilcību. Līdz ar to rodas nepieciešamība saprast, kas ir bijuši galvenie apstākļi, kuri ir noteikuši konkrētu lauku centru attīstību un līdz ar šo vēsturisko pieredzi rast risinājumus un ieteikumus lauku centru attīstībai mūsdienās. Tādējādi autore par darba mērķi ir izvirzījusi caur vēsturisko skatījumu un likumsakarībām atrast tos nosacījumus un apstākļus, pie kuriem lauku centri ir attīstījušies un turpina attīstīties, sniedzot vispārējus ieteikumus arī citu lauku centru attīstības sekmēšanai.
Darba mērķa sasniegšanai autore izmanto ne tikai esošos rakstiskos un elektroniskos informācijas avotus, bet darba gaitā veic arī speciālistu intervijas un iedzīvotāju anketēšanu izvēlētajos lauku centros. Intervijās iegūtā informācija dod padziļinātu ieskatu lauku centru praktiskajā pārvaldībā un attīstības veicināšanā, savukārt, anketēšana sniedz ieskatu par vietējo iedzīvotāju viedokli saistībā ar lauku centru attīstību saistītiem jautājumiem, kā arī, salīdzinot dažādu lauku centru aptauju rezultātus, ļauj secināt sakarības starp dažādiem rādītājiem.
Darba gaitā iegūtās atziņas ļauj secināt, ka viens no būtiskākajiem lauku centru attīstību noteicošajiem faktoriem ir bijis padomju laikos izbūvētā sociālā infrastruktūra, galvenokārt skolas un kultūras nami, kas piesaistījuši lauku centram iedzīvotājus ne tikai no tuvējiem pagastiem, bet arī no citām teritorijām.
Darbs atspoguļots piecās galvenajās sadaļās. Pirmajās nodaļās (1.-3.) tiek apskatīta teorētiskā bāze par lauku centriem un to veidošanos, ceturtajā analizēta Saldus rajona septiņu lauku centru attīstība. Darba nobeigumu veido piektā nodaļa, kurā paustas galvenās darba gaitā radušās atziņas un secinājumi.
Maģistra darba atslēgas vārdi: Saldus rajons, lauku centrs, attīstība.
Nowadays promotion of the regional development in Latvia has become a very actual issue on the national level. Rural centres being the main development drivers for the local municipalities in rural areas might have a great role in the national regional development policy. Developing the rural centres also economy in the rural areas is strengthened thus raising opportunities for the local people to have a better life quality. Having the rural economy that was based on the system of collective farms rapid development of the rural centres in Latvia was happening in 1970-ties and this process lasted until the end of the 1980-ties. Due to the major economical and social changes in the beginning of 1990-ties a new phase in development of the rural centres started to appear - the permanent planned economy was shifting to the market economy and the rural centres, competing with bigger urban places under equal circumstances, began to lose their attractiveness. Therefore it is interesting to understand, which have been the main factors determining development of the certain rural centres and to come up with general suggestions for development. Thus the goal of the master thesis is to find out through the historical analysis and following consequences those preconditions and factors that are determining development of the rural centres and afterwards giving general proposals for development promotion also in other rural centres. For reaching the goal of the master thesis the author uses not only the existing written or electronic information sources but also arranges interviews with some specialists and performs questionnaires of the residents in the selected rural centres. Information from the interviews gives a deeper insight in the practical governance and development promotion in the rural centres, but questionnaires - opinion of the residents about development issues of the rural centres. Moreover, comparing the results of questionnaires in different rural centres, coherences among various indicators or factors were found. Basing on the research we may conclude that one of the most important factors for development of the rural centres has been the social infrastructure (mainly schools and cultural houses) built in the Soviet times that has attracted new residents not only from the neighbouring municipalities but also from other places. The thesis consists of the seven main chapters. In the first chapters (1st-3th) the theoretical basis about the rural centres and their establishment has been described, but in the 4th chapter development of seven rural centres in Saldus district were analysed more in details. The 5th chapter is the final part of the thesis where the main conclusions and proposals for further development of the rural centres are described. Keywords of the master thesis: Saldus district, a rural centre, development.
Nowadays promotion of the regional development in Latvia has become a very actual issue on the national level. Rural centres being the main development drivers for the local municipalities in rural areas might have a great role in the national regional development policy. Developing the rural centres also economy in the rural areas is strengthened thus raising opportunities for the local people to have a better life quality. Having the rural economy that was based on the system of collective farms rapid development of the rural centres in Latvia was happening in 1970-ties and this process lasted until the end of the 1980-ties. Due to the major economical and social changes in the beginning of 1990-ties a new phase in development of the rural centres started to appear - the permanent planned economy was shifting to the market economy and the rural centres, competing with bigger urban places under equal circumstances, began to lose their attractiveness. Therefore it is interesting to understand, which have been the main factors determining development of the certain rural centres and to come up with general suggestions for development. Thus the goal of the master thesis is to find out through the historical analysis and following consequences those preconditions and factors that are determining development of the rural centres and afterwards giving general proposals for development promotion also in other rural centres. For reaching the goal of the master thesis the author uses not only the existing written or electronic information sources but also arranges interviews with some specialists and performs questionnaires of the residents in the selected rural centres. Information from the interviews gives a deeper insight in the practical governance and development promotion in the rural centres, but questionnaires - opinion of the residents about development issues of the rural centres. Moreover, comparing the results of questionnaires in different rural centres, coherences among various indicators or factors were found. Basing on the research we may conclude that one of the most important factors for development of the rural centres has been the social infrastructure (mainly schools and cultural houses) built in the Soviet times that has attracted new residents not only from the neighbouring municipalities but also from other places. The thesis consists of the seven main chapters. In the first chapters (1st-3th) the theoretical basis about the rural centres and their establishment has been described, but in the 4th chapter development of seven rural centres in Saldus district were analysed more in details. The 5th chapter is the final part of the thesis where the main conclusions and proposals for further development of the rural centres are described. Keywords of the master thesis: Saldus district, a rural centre, development.
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