Labējā populisma ietekme uz demokrātijas kvalitāti: Ungārijas un ASV gadījums
Date
2019
Authors
Ābele, Aiga
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Latvijas Universitāte
Abstract
Pētījuma tēma ir “Labējā populisma ietekme uz demokrātijas kvalitāti: Ungārijas un ASV gadījums”. Tā mērķis ir noteikt kā labējais populisms ietekmē demokrātijas kvalitāti abās valstīs. Pētījumā izvirzītā hipotēze ir- labējā populisma ietekme uz demokrātijas kvalitāti izvēlētajās valstīs ir negatīva. Pētījuma sākumā tiek analizēts populisma jēdziens, tā skaidrošanas pieejas un galvenie elementi, populisma vēsturiskā attīstība Ziemeļamerikā un Eiropā, populisma cēloņi un dalījums, kā arī teorijas par labējā populisma ietekmi uz demokrātijas kvalitāti. Tālākajā pētījuma daļā tiek veikta valstu analīze balstoties uz organizācijas “Freedom House” ziņojuma “Freedom in the World” politisko tiesību un pilsonisko brīvību rādītājiem abās valstīs.. Pētījumā izvēlēta ir Kasa Mudes populisma definīcija, un pēc tās raksturojošajām pazīmēm, kā arī pēc atbilstības labējai ideoloģijai, tiek izvēlēti un pamatoti abi valstu gadījumi darba empīriskajai daļai. Darba empīriskā daļa sastāv no valstu gadījumu analīzes, kurās tiek analizēts katrs no politisko tiesību un pilsonisko brīvību apakškategorijas reitingiem, ar mērķi noteikt kāda ir labējā populisma ietekme uz katru no tiem. Ungārijas analīzē tiek izmantoti “Freedom in the World” ziņojumi no 2011. līdz 2019. gadam, kad pie varas atrodas partija “Fidesz” un tas līderis Viktors Orbāns, bet ASV gadījumā 2018. un 2019. gadā veiktie ziņojumi, kad valsts prezidenta amatā atrodas Donalds Tramps. Pētījumā tiek secināts, ka gan Ungārijas, gan ASV gadījumā labējā populisma ietekme uz demokrātijas kvalitāti ir vērtējama kā negatīva, jo politisko tiesību un pilsonisko brīvību reitingi, esot pie varas iepriekš minētajām labēji populistikajām partijām un līderiem, ir pasliktinājušies. Tādejādi pētījuma rezultātā hipotēze tiek pierādīta, labējā populisma ietekme uz demokrātijas kvalitāti izvēlētajās valstīs ir negatīva.
The theme of the study is "The Impact of right wing populism on the quality of democracy: Case of Hungary and USA”. Its purpose is to determine how right-wing populism affects the quality of democracy in both countries. The hypothesis in the study is that the impact of right populism on the quality of democracy in the selected countries is negative. At the beginning of the study various topics are viewed - the concept of populism, its interpretative approaches and key elements, the historical development of populism in North America and Europe, the causes and division of populism, and theories of the impact of right populism on the quality of democracy. In the following part of the study, country analysis is based on the indicators of political rights and civil liberties of the Freedom House report “Freedom in the World” in both countries. Cas Mudde populism definition was chosen in the study, and according to its characteristic features, as well as compliance to the right- wing ideology, both countries cases are chosen and justified for the empirical part. The empirical part of the study consists of country case studies, which analyze each of the sub-categories of political rights and civil liberties, with the aim of determining the impact of right populism on each of them. The analysis of Hungary uses the “Freedom in the World” reports from 2011 to 2019, when the Fidesz party and Victor Orbán is in power, and the analysis of US uses reports from 2018 and 2019, when the president is Donald Trump. The study concludes that in the case of both Hungary and the United States, the impact of right-wing populism on the quality of democracy has to be seen as negative, as ratings of political rights and civil liberties have become worse, when the above-mentioned populist parties and leaders are in power. Thus, as a result of the study, the hypothesis is proved, the influence of right populism on the quality of democracy in the selected countries is negative.
The theme of the study is "The Impact of right wing populism on the quality of democracy: Case of Hungary and USA”. Its purpose is to determine how right-wing populism affects the quality of democracy in both countries. The hypothesis in the study is that the impact of right populism on the quality of democracy in the selected countries is negative. At the beginning of the study various topics are viewed - the concept of populism, its interpretative approaches and key elements, the historical development of populism in North America and Europe, the causes and division of populism, and theories of the impact of right populism on the quality of democracy. In the following part of the study, country analysis is based on the indicators of political rights and civil liberties of the Freedom House report “Freedom in the World” in both countries. Cas Mudde populism definition was chosen in the study, and according to its characteristic features, as well as compliance to the right- wing ideology, both countries cases are chosen and justified for the empirical part. The empirical part of the study consists of country case studies, which analyze each of the sub-categories of political rights and civil liberties, with the aim of determining the impact of right populism on each of them. The analysis of Hungary uses the “Freedom in the World” reports from 2011 to 2019, when the Fidesz party and Victor Orbán is in power, and the analysis of US uses reports from 2018 and 2019, when the president is Donald Trump. The study concludes that in the case of both Hungary and the United States, the impact of right-wing populism on the quality of democracy has to be seen as negative, as ratings of political rights and civil liberties have become worse, when the above-mentioned populist parties and leaders are in power. Thus, as a result of the study, the hypothesis is proved, the influence of right populism on the quality of democracy in the selected countries is negative.
Description
Keywords
Politikas zinātne , Populisms , labējs , Ungārija , ASV , Demokrātijas kvalitāte