Uzturs ar samazinātu ogļhidrātu saturu (SCD/GAPS) autiskā spektra simptomu mazināšanai bērniem- pilotpētījums
Date
2019
Authors
Ābele, Silvija
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Latvijas Universitāte
Abstract
Ar autismu saprot plaši izplatītus smadzeņu attīstības traucējumus, kuru etioloģijā būtiska ietekme ir gan vides, gan ģenētiskajiem faktoriem. Autisma izpausmes katram cilvēkam var būt ar individuālu simptomu kopumu, tāpēc biežāk runā par autiskā spektra traucējumiem (AST), ko raksturo simptomu triāde - problēmas integrēties sabiedrībā, komunikatīvie traucējumi un ierobežota, atkārtota uzvedība. Saskaņā ar CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) 2014. g. datiem ASV viens no 59 bērniem ir ar AST. Tiek vērtēts, ka Latvijā, tāpat kā Eiropā, ar AST ir katrs simtais bērns. Medicīniskajā literatūrā dominē viedoklis, ka šobrīd nav vienas terapijas, kas spētu mazināt AST pamatsimptomus. Tomēr ir publicēti pētījumi, kas rāda, ka ar uztura izmaiņām, parasti kombinācijā ar piemērotiem vitamīniem/uztura bagātinātājiem, var būtiski mazināt AST izpausmes. Biežāk lietotā diēta AST mazināšanai ir uzturs bez kazeīna un bez glutēna (GF/CF, Gluten-Free/Casein-Free diet). Darba mērķis bija izpētīt, vai ar uzturu, kurā ir samazināts specifisku ogļhidrātu daudzums (SCD, Specifiskā ogļhidrātu diēta/GAPS diēta, Gut and Psychology Syndrome), papildinātu ar vitamīniem/uztura bagātinātājiem (D vitamīns, omega-3 taukskābes, probiotiķi, C vitamīns, askorbilpalmitāts), bērniem ar AST iespējams uzlabot gremošanas trakta veselību, kā arī mazināt autismam raksturīgās izpausmes un simptomus. SCD/GAPS vadlīnijas no uztura iesaka izņemt cukuru, graudus, cieti saturošos dārzeņus, neraudzētos piena produktus, rūpnieciski pārstrādātu pārtiku. Darbs tika veikts kā prospektīvs gadījuma-kontroles intervences pētījums, kas ietvēra 10 bērnus ar AST, kuriem tika piemērots SCD/GAPS uzturs un kas papildus lietoja minētos vitamīnus/uztura bagātinātājus, kā arī septiņus bērnus ar AST, kuri turpināja parasto uzturu bez jebkādām izmaiņām, kuri tika izmantoti kā kontroles grupa. Bērnu vecums bija divi līdz 18 gadi. Pētījuma laiks bija trīs mēneši. Bērnu simptomus pētījuma sākumā, vidū un beigās novērtēja viņu vecāki, izmantojot septiņas starptautiski validētas anketas, pētījuma laikā tika veikta arī šo anketu validācija latviešu valodā. Pētījumā apstiprinājās, ka ar SCD/GAPS uzturu, papildinātu ar vitamīniem/uztura bagātinātājiem, bērniem ar AST iespējams uzlabot uzvedību, mazināt hiperaktivitāti un sensoro jutību, uzlabot valodas uztveri un sapratni, kā arī socializēšanos. Lai apstiprinātu šos rezultātus, būtu nepieciešams apjomīgāks pētījums ilgākā laika periodā. SCD/GAPS uzturs un ieteiktie vitamīni/uztura bagātinātāji var būt drošs un efektīvs veids, kā palīdzēt bērniem ar AST mazināt autiskā spektra simptomus un izpausmes.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction and restricted, repetitive behavior. The causes of autism are multifactorial, and its aetiology is complex, with both environment and genetic factors playing a significant influence. According to the CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, USA) 2014 data, ASD prevalence is 1 in 59 children in the United States. The estimated prevalence of ASD in children in Latvia, similarly to Europe, is 1 in 100. Currently, according to the medicinal literature there is no one therapy for the treatment of ASD symptoms. However, there are studies showing that with dietary changes, usually in combination with nutritional supplements, some ASD symptoms can be significantly decreased. The most commonly used diet for ASD is gluten-free, casein-free diet (GF/CF). The objective of the study was to investigate whether a low carbohydrate diet (SCD, Specific carbohydrate diet /GAPS, Gut and Psychology Syndrome diet), complemented with vitamins/supplements (vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, vitamin C, ascorbyl palmitate), could improve gastrointestinal health in children with ASD, as well as, reduce some typical ASD symptoms. SCD/GAPS diet suggests avoiding sugar, grains, starchy vegetables, non-fermented milk products and processed food. This was a prospective case-control three-month intervention study that involved 10 children with ASD, who followed SDC/GAPS diet and used the abovementioned vitamins/supplements, as well as 7 children with ASD, who did not change their diet and, and this smaller group was used as a control group. Participants were 2 to 18 years old. The symptoms of children were evaluated 3 times during the study (in the beginning, middle, end of the study) using seven internationally validated questionnaires. The validation of these questionnaires in Latvian was performed during this study. The study confirmed that SDS/GAPS diet, complemented with vitamins/minerals, can improve behaviour, reduce hyperactivity and sensory sensitivity, and improve speech perception/understanding and socialisation of children with ASD. In order to confirm these results, a larger study over a longer period of time would be necessary. SCD/GAPS diet and the use of recommended vitamins/supplements could be a safe and effective approach to help reduce some symptoms of children with ASD.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction and restricted, repetitive behavior. The causes of autism are multifactorial, and its aetiology is complex, with both environment and genetic factors playing a significant influence. According to the CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, USA) 2014 data, ASD prevalence is 1 in 59 children in the United States. The estimated prevalence of ASD in children in Latvia, similarly to Europe, is 1 in 100. Currently, according to the medicinal literature there is no one therapy for the treatment of ASD symptoms. However, there are studies showing that with dietary changes, usually in combination with nutritional supplements, some ASD symptoms can be significantly decreased. The most commonly used diet for ASD is gluten-free, casein-free diet (GF/CF). The objective of the study was to investigate whether a low carbohydrate diet (SCD, Specific carbohydrate diet /GAPS, Gut and Psychology Syndrome diet), complemented with vitamins/supplements (vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, vitamin C, ascorbyl palmitate), could improve gastrointestinal health in children with ASD, as well as, reduce some typical ASD symptoms. SCD/GAPS diet suggests avoiding sugar, grains, starchy vegetables, non-fermented milk products and processed food. This was a prospective case-control three-month intervention study that involved 10 children with ASD, who followed SDC/GAPS diet and used the abovementioned vitamins/supplements, as well as 7 children with ASD, who did not change their diet and, and this smaller group was used as a control group. Participants were 2 to 18 years old. The symptoms of children were evaluated 3 times during the study (in the beginning, middle, end of the study) using seven internationally validated questionnaires. The validation of these questionnaires in Latvian was performed during this study. The study confirmed that SDS/GAPS diet, complemented with vitamins/minerals, can improve behaviour, reduce hyperactivity and sensory sensitivity, and improve speech perception/understanding and socialisation of children with ASD. In order to confirm these results, a larger study over a longer period of time would be necessary. SCD/GAPS diet and the use of recommended vitamins/supplements could be a safe and effective approach to help reduce some symptoms of children with ASD.
Description
Keywords
Medicīna , Autisms , Autiskā spektra traucējumi (AST) , Specifiskā Ogļhidrātu Diēta (SCD) , Gut and Psychology Syndrome (GAPS) , Omega-3 taukskābes