Kadmija un svina ietekmes fizioloģiskie aspekti miežos un salātos
Date
2014
Authors
Andrejeva, Aiga
Journal Title
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Volume Title
Publisher
Latvijas Universitāte
Abstract
Literatūrā trūkst pētījumu par to, kā metāli ietekmē fizioloģiskos procesus augos, un kādi ir augu aizsardzības vai pielāgošanās mehānismi, lai metāli nenodarītu neatgriezeniskus bojājumus.
Darba mērķis bija noskaidrot kadmija un svina akumulāciju miežos (viendīgļlapis) un salātos (divdīgļlapis), to ietekmi uz hlorofila daudzumu un endogenā stresa fermentu aktivitāti.
Augus audzēja smilts kultūrās ar kadmija (1 – 12 mg L-1) un svina (200 – 1000 mg L-1) piesārņojumu un sekoja augu augšanai un attīstībai, noteica smago metālu akumulāciju augos izmantojot sauso pārpelnošanu ar HNO3 tvaikiem, fotosintēzes pigmentu daudzumu un oksidatīvā stresa fermentu aktivitāti spektrofotometriski.
Eksperimenta gaitā atklāja, ka kadmijs un svins vairāk akumulējas augu saknēs nekā virszemes daļās, paaugstinātas kadmija un svina koncentrācijas negatīvi ietekmē augu augšanu, hlorofila daudzumu lapās, polifenoloksidāzes, gvajakola peroksidāzes un katalāzes aktivitāte ir paaugstināta mazākās kadmija un svina koncentrācijās, augu biomasa samazinās.
There is a lack of research literature about how metals affect plant physiological processes, and protection or adaptation mechanisms that prevent them from causing permanent damage. The aim of this research was to measure cadmium and lead accumulation in barley (monocotyledon) and lettuce (dicotyledon), as well as to determine their impact on the amount of chlorophyll and enzyme activity of endogenous stress. Plants were grown in sand cultures with cadmium (1 – 12 mg L-1) and lead (200 – 1000 mg L-1) pollution which were observed through growth and development. Heavy metal accumulation was determined by dry ashing with HNO3 vapor. The amount of photosynthetic pigment and oxidative stress enzyme activity were analyzed spectrofotometrically. During the experiment we observed that cadmium and lead accumulates more in the plant roots than in the shoots; the elevated cadmium and lead concentrations negatively affects plant growth; the amount of chlorophyll in leaves, polyphenol oxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and catalase activity is higher in smaller concentrations of cadmium and lead; and plant biomass is reduced.
There is a lack of research literature about how metals affect plant physiological processes, and protection or adaptation mechanisms that prevent them from causing permanent damage. The aim of this research was to measure cadmium and lead accumulation in barley (monocotyledon) and lettuce (dicotyledon), as well as to determine their impact on the amount of chlorophyll and enzyme activity of endogenous stress. Plants were grown in sand cultures with cadmium (1 – 12 mg L-1) and lead (200 – 1000 mg L-1) pollution which were observed through growth and development. Heavy metal accumulation was determined by dry ashing with HNO3 vapor. The amount of photosynthetic pigment and oxidative stress enzyme activity were analyzed spectrofotometrically. During the experiment we observed that cadmium and lead accumulates more in the plant roots than in the shoots; the elevated cadmium and lead concentrations negatively affects plant growth; the amount of chlorophyll in leaves, polyphenol oxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and catalase activity is higher in smaller concentrations of cadmium and lead; and plant biomass is reduced.
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Bioloģija