RJA Maģistra darbi / RGSL Master's Thesis

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https://dspace-dev.lu.lv/handle/7/1061

Rīgas Juridiskās augstskolas studentu bakalaura darbi (kopš 2018.gada).

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European Union Central Securities Depositories Regulation Settlement Discipline Regime impact on buy-side bond market participants
(Riga Graduate School of Law, 2022) Mežrozis, Kārlis; Linowski, Dirk; Riga Graduate School of Law
The Covid-19 pandemic gave rise to unprecedented challenges for the European economy. It highlighted the need for a more flexible, efficient, and reliable financial system that could effectively alleviate the immense financial pressures on Europe’s economy. Thus, more attention was given to the development of Europe’s Capital Markets Union. As part of the development process, an important piece of legislation came into force on February 2, 2022 – namely the Settlement Discipline Regime from the Central Securities Depositories Regulation. This piece of legislation aims to improve and unify the post-trading processes across the entire financial markets of Europe. Market participants indicated that they do not fully support the requirements set out in the regulation and thus a question arose about how the CSDR aims to achieve settlement discipline in the financial markets and what could be the effects of this regulation on financial markets and its participants. Therefore, this thesis discusses and examines the potential impacts of the CSDR on bond markets and buy-side bond market participants. Considering legal, technical, administrative, and financial aspects of implementing changes to fully comply with the regulatory requirements.
Equity crowdfunding: the obstacles of the national regulation in Latvia
(Riga Graduate School of Law, 2022) Ence, Evija; Gumaa, Waleed; Riga Graduate School of Law
Crowdfunding is rather new, innovative and, since the global crises of 2008, a rapidly growing alternative financing instrument. As part of FinTech, it is a result of the interdisciplinary interaction of technology, economics, and society. Crowdfunding is an alternative way to acquire financing for business projects by raising money from many people via Internet platforms. Usually, there are three parties involved – fundraiser (company or business project), fund providers (investors or so-called crowd) and crowdfunding service platform (middleman), that connects fundraisers to fund providers. Innovation comes first, regulation follows afterwards and sometimes the regulation fails to reach its goals. Therefore, the national legal obstacles to Equity crowdfunding in Latvia are discussed in the master’s thesis. As the name Equity crowdfunding suggests, investors receive company ownership in exchange for their financial contribution. The author's interest in this alternative financing model is to investigate how the legal framework affects the availability of equity crowdfunding service platforms in a small and open economy such as Latvia.
Putin’s crime of aggression in Ukraine
(Riga Graduate School of Law, 2022) Diez Diaz, Paula; Miļūna, Ieva; Riga Graduate School of Law
This thesis is located within the framework of international criminal law through the analysis of the possibility of the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, being convicted of the crime of aggression for having ordered Russian troops to carry out a large-scale attack against Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The first section marks general aspects of the crime of aggression; the arduous task that international law has meant to achieve a definition of it as well as its legal provisions that are included in the Rome Statute by which the International Criminal Court is governed, being this the body that has jurisdiction over this crime. The second section refers to the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine, but for this, it is necessary to analyse a series of events with a chronology before the current invasion, such as the Russian annexation of the Crimean peninsula since it was at that time when Ukraine is in a conflict in the east part of the country. The third chapter analyzes the reasons why the Russian President justifies his attack on Ukraine such as the progressive expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to those countries that were once part of the Russian sphere; or the accusation of Genocide that the Russian-speaking and ethnic Russians suffer at the hands of the Ukrainian troops as a result of the conflict that has been going on since 2014 in eastern Ukraine. The fourth and last chapter includes an analysis of the possibility of Vladimir Putin being prosecuted for his crime of aggression through the different mechanisms provided by international criminal law.
Explicit consent In the context of personal data processing conditions compared to Turkish law and European law
(Riga Graduate School of Law, 2022) Akcan Babacan, Hatice Nur; Harbinja, Edina; Riga Graduate School of Law
Technology, which has developed rapidly in the last century and continues to develop at an increasing speed, has spread to all areas of daily life and has become intricate with life routines. Accordingly, the storage and processing of personal data have become inevitable. This inevitability has brought some rules, control mechanisms, and sanctions. Several national and international regulations guarantee the right to protect personal data. This study is a comparative study on personal data protection law and express consent in Turkey and Europe. The study is generally shaped within the framework of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Kisisel Verilerin Korunmasi Kanunu (KVKK).
Climate risk in reserves portfolio’s of Latvijas Banka and European Central Bank – legal requirement or risk/return enhancing strategy?
(Riga Graduate School of Law, 2022) Volkopa, Zane; Linowski, Dirk; Riga Graduate School of Law
Climate change has been a central topic in financial industry amongst both academicians and financial market participants for a while now. Despite the breath and wealth of available information on this subject matter, there is still little systematic knowledge of the financial implications of climate change risks in investment management and particularly reserves management. This thesis firstly deals with sources of the demands for greening of the reserves portfolios and describes interpretation of such demands with focus on financial risk mitigation. Review of regulation around climate change mitigation and its application to European Central Bank and Latvijas Banka is performed. Once groundwork for implementing climate change mitigating strategies is made, different approaches for climate risk mitigationare analyzed for asset classes included within the foreign reserves and own funds’ portfolios with focus on their implications to expected return and risk. Simultaneously rights of central bank to proceed with possibly return deteriorating strategy is viewed in the light of local and EU regulations. The thesis deals with the following research questions: What duties follow from laws and regulation to Latvijas Banka and ECB with regards to greening of reserves portfolios? What are potential consequences of application of climate filters to reserves portfolios’ – does incorporation of climate filters on reserves portfolios endangers preservation of long-term value? This is supplemented by adding some considerations regarding possibility of change in the green course in light of 2022 war in Ukraine – will climate ambitions be put on halt or the opposite – would energy crisis evolving as an aftermath create momentum for green course in Europe.

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