Audzēkņu instrumentspēles prasmju un ķermeņa darbības pilnveides mijsakarības trombona spēles mācību procesā mūzikas skolā
Date
2015
Authors
Bārdiņš, Sandis
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
RPIVA
Abstract
Trombona spēles pedagoģija bieži vien izmanto paņēmienus un metodes, kas
ir pretrunā ar cilvēka ķermeņa darbības fizioloģiskajiem principiem un var gan kavēt
un ierobežot instrumentspēles prasmju attīstību, gan radīt kaitējumus mūziķa
veselībai. Ārvalstu mūzikas pedagoģijas zinātniskajā literatūrā arvien lielāks uzsvars
tiek likts uz cilvēka darbības psiholoģisko un fizioloģisko mehānismu un
likumsakarību integrēšanu pedagoģiskajā procesā. Arī trombona spēles prasmju
pilnveidi nepieciešams balstīt cilvēka ķermeņa darbības pamatprincipos.
Mērķis: izpētīt trombona spēles prasmju pilnveides teorētiskos aspektus un
izstrādāt ķermeņa darbības psihofizioloģiskajos pamatprincipos balstītu vingrinājumu
sistēmu ķermeņa darbības koordinēšanā audzēkņu trombona spēles prasmju pilnveidei
mūzikas skolā, kā arī empīriski pārbaudīt tās efektivitāti.
Pretrunas starp pedagoģiskajiem paņēmieniem un cilvēka ķermeņa darbības
fizioloģiskajām likumsakarībām noteica nepieciešamību izveidot audzēkņu ķermeņa
darbības pamatprincipos balstītus vingrinājumus un vingrinājumu sistēmu ķermeņa
darbības koordinēšanai. Tika pieņemts, ka sistēmiska vingrinājumu izmantošana
mūzikas skolās palīdzēs integrēt ķermeņa darbību spēles procesā, uzlabot
instrumentspēles kustības un efektīvāk pilnveidot trombona spēles prasmes. Tika
izstrādāta metodika vingrinājumu un vingrinājumu sistēmas efektivitātes noteikšanai,
kas paredzēja trīsreizēju audzēkņu trombona spēles prasmju vērtējumu pēc
izstrādātiem kritērijiem un rādītājiem, kā arī trīs mērījumu sesijas audzēkņu
biometrisko rādītāju ieguvei, ar kuru palīdzību tika pētīti stresa reakciju indikatori,
trapeces muskuļa sasprindzinājuma līmenis un plaušu tilpumi.
Pedagoga veiktais audzēkņu prasmju vērtējums liecina par pakāpenisku
audzēkņu trombona spēles prasmju izaugsmi. Trapeces muskuļa elektromiogrammas
liecina par statistiski nozīmīgu sasprindzinājuma līmeņa pazemināšanos vingrinājumu
ietekmē, un ar spirogrāfu iegūtie elpošanas tilpumu rādītāji parāda statistiski nozīmīgu
izaugsmi forsētās vitālās kapacitātes rādījumos. Tiek pierādīts, ka iekļaujot mācību
procesā vingrinājumus elpošanas procesa, lūpu darbības un mēles darbības
optimizēšanai, iespējams ātrāk panākt būtisku pūšaminstrumentu skaņas kvalitātes un
spēles prasmju uzlabošanos.
Atslēgas vārdi: trombona spēles prasmes, muskuļu sasprindzinājuma – atslābuma
ambivalence, ķermeņa darbības pamatprincipos balstīti vingrinājumi, vingrinājumu sistēma
ķermeņa darbības koordinēšanai, elpošana, ambušūrs, mēles darbība.
The pedagogy of trombone play often uses methods and tools, which are in contrary to the physiological human body action principles and can hinder the development of instrument play skills and may harm musician’ s health. In the foreign scientific literature of pedagogy, more emphasis is given to the integration of psychological and physiological processes, mechanisms and regularities in the pedagogical process. Also, the enhancement of the trombone playing skills has to be based on the basic principles of the operation of the human body. Objective: to research the theoretical aspects of trombone play skill enhancement and to develop the exercise system which is based on human body basic action principles, for coordination of human body actions to enhance trombone playing skills for students in the music schools; and to test the system’s efficiency in the empirical way. The contradictions between the pedagogical methods and human body action’s physiological regularities have raised the necessity to create an exercise system for students, which is based on human body physiological principles, and which will help to coordinate body actions. It is assumed that systematic use of exercises in the music schools will help to integrate body action in the playing process, optimize the movements of instrument play and more efficiently develop the skills of trombone play. The methodology was created to test the efficiency of the exercises and the exercise system. The system was used by trombone play students and evaluated three times according to defined criteria and indicators. Three measurement sessions for acquiring the biometric indicators of students were carried out to measure stress reaction indicators, trapezius muscle tension levels and the volume of the lungs. The pedagogue’s evaluation of the student skills shows the gradual enhancement of trombone playing skills. The trapezius muscle electromyography shows statistically significant lowering of tension levels as a result of exercises, and the lung volume indicators, measured by spirograph, show statistically significant growth in the forced vital capacity indicators. It has been proven that by including exercises for optimisation of breathing process, lip and tongue action, it is possible faster and more efficiently enhance brass instrument play, the quality of sound and enhancement of playing skills. Key words: enhancement of trombone playing skills; approach based on physiology and anatomy; exercise system for coordination of body movements; breathing; embouchure; tongue action and movements.
The pedagogy of trombone play often uses methods and tools, which are in contrary to the physiological human body action principles and can hinder the development of instrument play skills and may harm musician’ s health. In the foreign scientific literature of pedagogy, more emphasis is given to the integration of psychological and physiological processes, mechanisms and regularities in the pedagogical process. Also, the enhancement of the trombone playing skills has to be based on the basic principles of the operation of the human body. Objective: to research the theoretical aspects of trombone play skill enhancement and to develop the exercise system which is based on human body basic action principles, for coordination of human body actions to enhance trombone playing skills for students in the music schools; and to test the system’s efficiency in the empirical way. The contradictions between the pedagogical methods and human body action’s physiological regularities have raised the necessity to create an exercise system for students, which is based on human body physiological principles, and which will help to coordinate body actions. It is assumed that systematic use of exercises in the music schools will help to integrate body action in the playing process, optimize the movements of instrument play and more efficiently develop the skills of trombone play. The methodology was created to test the efficiency of the exercises and the exercise system. The system was used by trombone play students and evaluated three times according to defined criteria and indicators. Three measurement sessions for acquiring the biometric indicators of students were carried out to measure stress reaction indicators, trapezius muscle tension levels and the volume of the lungs. The pedagogue’s evaluation of the student skills shows the gradual enhancement of trombone playing skills. The trapezius muscle electromyography shows statistically significant lowering of tension levels as a result of exercises, and the lung volume indicators, measured by spirograph, show statistically significant growth in the forced vital capacity indicators. It has been proven that by including exercises for optimisation of breathing process, lip and tongue action, it is possible faster and more efficiently enhance brass instrument play, the quality of sound and enhancement of playing skills. Key words: enhancement of trombone playing skills; approach based on physiology and anatomy; exercise system for coordination of body movements; breathing; embouchure; tongue action and movements.
Description
Keywords
Research Subject Categories::SOCIAL SCIENCES::Social sciences::Education , Pedagoģija , Nozaru (mūzikas) pedagoģija , Specialised (music) pedagogy , trombona spēles prasmes , muskuļu sasprindzinājuma – atslābuma ambivalence , ķermeņa darbības pamatprincipos balstīti vingrinājumi , enhancement of trombone playing skills , approach based on physiology and anatomy , exercise system for coordination of body movements